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The transistor was a major
revolution in the world of electronics.
Before it, all equipment was using valves, diodes and triodes which were all vacuum tubes. They were indispensible but they were large, short-lived and consumed a lot or power.
The first computer, ENIAC,
used 18,000 vacuum tubes: the machine could
not run for more than a few minutes as at least one tube would
burn
and had to be replaced.